Joseph Stalin Essay -- Russian History, Politics

Joseph Stalin administered the Soviet Union from 1922 until his demise in 1954. He is generally perceived as a tyrant, an oppressor, and a merciless ruler who took the Soviet Union from financial ruins to a superpower, however with the significant expense of human penance and his distrustfulness of restriction. Stalin considered himself to be the regular replacement of Leninism-Marxism, however in reality he made his very own arrangement which didn't go as indicated by the way of thinking of Karl Marx and Engels. Stalin’s early political vocation started simply like every other person who picked up conspicuousness in the Bolshevik takeover of the Russian Empire. Lenin had effectively propelled his transformation in October, 1917 and turned into the pioneer of the Russian Communist Party until his passing in January 1924. Stalin assumed just a minor job in the October Revolution and a moderately unnoticeable part in the Civil War (Lee 1). Stalin was sent to oust in Siberia for perpetrating wrongdoings in Russia, and after his arrival he turned into an individual from the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party in 1912. Stalin attempted to pick up help in the Communist party during its beginning times. He made close contacts that he would later double-cross, and others which he would use to assist him with turning into the following chief of the Soviet Union. He amassed the posts of People’s Commissar for Nationalities in 1917, contact official between the Politburo and the Orgburo in 1919, and General Secretary of the Party in 1922 (Lee 1). Soviet books and promulgation consistently depicted Stalin having a cozy relationship with Lenin, as found in course readings, publicity banners, and Stalin himself who consistently complimented his kinship with Lenin. Nonetheless, Lenin and the Bolsheviks considered contrastingly Stalin. The 1920s and mid 1930s saw the ascent a... ...’s irregular ascent to control, to his fierce monetary arrangement, it was a type of genuine tyranny and transformed the Soviet Union into an authoritarian state. Karl Marx composed that the strategies of abuse by the bourgeoisie would prompt a savage transformation by the working class, and it would change the financial and social request of the state. For this situation, Stalin abused his working class and went about as a bourgeoisie, utilizing the work power for his own benefit and what he thought would be the most ideal way the Soviet Union could ever turn into a superpower. Joseph Stalin took the possibility of Marxism and added his own hypothesis to it, misshaping it and making another arrangement of governmental issues that is authored â€Å"Stalinism.† It has its similitudes, yet to a great extent it is a part in belief system that would cause the passings of 20 million individuals during his standard, something Karl Marx, or Lenin never expected.

Todays World

The Income Break The salary imbalance is only the distinction in the compensations of the diverse class of individuals or potentially employments. In The Rise of the Creative Class, Richard Florida investigates compensation the whole way across the U. S so as to investigate compensation. He does a breakdown of the 3 classes that he discusses prior in the book and from that point think about the wages. In one diagram that is shown he shows that Connecticut has the most elevated salary however then he has another chart that shows in any case. I don’t accept this could be stopped in light of the fact that individuals of various employments feel as though they merit various degrees of pay, which I do concur to.In late research I found that numerous individuals fall outside of the Creative Class on account of their instruction levels or as a result of the presentation they are happy to do at a vocation. So the individuals who are off guard are the working poor since they are predom inantly in a field where they need to do work. Since our general public is at a condition of changing every single day, I trust it is somewhat difficult to remain in this field of inventiveness, except if you are eager to change vocations or extra to your difficulties in the work field.Economists are investigating the things that are changing in our reality and the greatest thing is innovation. Since innovation is changing at a consistent rate, it makes it hard for somebody who can't be in the Creative Class. New things are advancing regular and a few employments won't be required later on. People could work a similar activity, however the man may show signs of improvement pay in light of his sexual orientation. This carries me to the Five Faces of Oppression where they talk about the division in sexual orientation and how men show signs of improvement than women.Women are predominant in the work field for minorities today. Be that as it may, contrasted with men who are working the compensation is still extremely low. In past sections of The Rise of the Creative Class Florida shows a diagram that show the compensation of a lady contrasted with one of a man. Additionally the chart demonstrated compensation of minority contrasted with the dominant part. The distinctions flabbergasted me simply because I thought as a general public we were getting equivalent and reasonable, yet the diagram and other research demonstrated something else.

How to Make a Website from Scratch Create, Build, Succeed!

How to Make a Website from Scratch Create, Build, Succeed! .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on January 21, 2020If you’re looking to learn how to make a website from scratch, but don’t know where to start, then you’ve come to the right place!Learning how to set up a website has never been so easy, especially if you’re not tech-savvy. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert It takes a bit of time and effort to make it work, but don’t worry! I’m going to make it easy for you.I’ve decided to create a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to build a website without having to learn to code. People of all ages and skill levels can make use of this article easily.Heres how to make a website from scratch1. Set up a domain name for your website2. Choose a web hosting company3. Learn how to build a website with your host4. Build out your w ebsites design with a theme5. Create pages and make posts for your audience6. Get a head start with pluginsCongratulations! You just learned how to build a website from scratch!How to set up a website from scratch FAQsHow to make a website in 6 easy steps:Set up a domain name for your websiteChoose a web hosting companyLearn how to build a website with your hostBuild out your websites design with a themeCreate pages and make posts for your audienceGet a head start with pluginsIn this tutorial, I’ll show you how to make a website using WordPress with a starting price/mo of less than $3! Also, I’ll show you how you can take things further by adding more features to your website in the future.How to create a website: What is the best platform to set up on?The short answer is WordPress which is in a class of its own. While there are several website builders available out there, WordPress is the world’s most popular CMS for creating sites. It powers 33.7% of all the websites on the internet. Thats way more than upstarts like Wix, and its the easiest and best platform to learn how to set up a website on hands down.It’s also free and comes with plenty of themes and plugins, much more reliable than other website builders, and WordPress is also incredibly flexible and works with almost all third-party tools and services.The long answer is that I have tried a ton of different website builders like Joomla, Wix, Drupal and so on, but I found you either had to have a degree in HTML or CSS to use them, or they just didnt offer the same functionality you can reliably get when you pick WordPress.Can you teach me how to start a website on WordPress?Yes, I can! Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without hea daches I created this step-by-step tutorial on how to create a website from scratch to do exactly that.This guide is split into 4 different steps and will walk you through each of them from start to finish. Just follow along and youll have a website up and running in no time!Heres how to make a website from scratch1. Set up a domain name for your websiteA common mistake beginners make is choosing the wrong platform while making a website. For most people, a self-hosted WordPress.org website is all they need. It offers thousands of plugins and themes that allow you to build any kind of site you can think of.WordPress is free to download and use to build websites. But the question is if WordPress is free, where is the cost coming from?It’s free because you’ll have to arrange your own domain and hostingâ€"this costs money. A domain is your site’s address on the web. It’s what your visitors will type in their browsers to reach your website.Next, you need web hosting just li ke all the other sites on the internet. This will be the home of your website on the web.A domain name will usually cost you anywhere in the range of $10 to $15 per month for basic hosting (but if you follow this guide Ill show you how to get it cheap. In fact, youll get it for a fraction of that price!).If you’re just starting out, we recommend Hostgator for the beginner. They offer a 45-day money back guarantee also, so if things are not working out for you, you can change your mind later.Much like page builders, I have tried a ton of different hosting providers like SiteGround, NameCheap, Bluehost, and GoDaddy, but Hostgator has always been the best for speed, uptime, customer service, and reliability.You can, of course, choose a different hosting platform. But for this example, I’m going to use Hostgator as it makes it super convenient to build a WordPress site with just a few clicks.2. Choose a web hosting companyFirst, head over to Hostgator and click on the big yellow but ton for the Hatchling plan.You will receive an email right after completing your purchase. It will show you the details on how to login to your hosting control panel, otherwise known as cPanel.Now, go to the hosting dashboard where you can manage everything, such as setting up emails, getting support, etc. But most importantly, this is where the real magic happensâ€"installing WordPress.3. Learn how to build a website with your hostOne of the easiest ways to install WordPress using Hostgator is via QuickInstall. It makes the installation process simple and youll have your site up and running within minutes.First, log in to your Hostgator cPanel. Then under Software/Services, click QuickInstall.Now, enter the name of your website, admin username, and a password, and dont forget to make a record of what they are! (You can also change the login and password later in WordPress settings.)Your WordPress installation should start now. Meanwhile, QuickInstall will display a few website temp lates you can install on your WordPress site. You don’t necessarily have to do that right now as we’re going to show you how to make a website and install a free template later in this guide.Once the installation process is over, it’ll show you a success message in the top header.Now, click on the link that says “Installation Complete”. This will bring you to the page where you enter your WordPress Login URL and password.Congratulations! You’ve successfully learned how to create a website using QuickInstall.Now, you can go to your WordPress login page. The Login URL should look like this:yourwebsitename.com/wp-admin, but the yourwebsitename part will be your domain name (just type it into your browser).You can log in to your website from here using the admin username and password you previously entered in the process.The visual appearance of your website is controlled by a WordPress theme. These themes are professionally designed templates. You can install them on your s ite to change its entire appearance any time you like.Once you set up your WordPress website, you’ll notice that it comes with a basic theme that looks something like this: page, then click “Add New”.Posts are part of a blog that appears in reverse-chronological order (newer content displayed first).Pages, on the other hand, are meant to be static “one-off” type content like your contact page, about page, privacy policy, etc.By default, WordPress will display your blog posts on your website’s front page. You can, however, change this setting and make WordPress display any page as the front page of your site.That said, let’s add some content to your WordPress site.PagesFirst, if you want to know what sort of thing pages should be used on, you can check out our website pages list article which will help you get an idea of what you need.Visit Pages Add New in your admin area, which takes you to the page editor screen., and you’ll see a screen like this:You can save you r post as a draft or immediately publish it on your website. Just make sure its polished first! ??6. Get a head start with pluginsPlugins are like apps for WordPress websites. They allow you to add a variety of features to your site.There are currently over 50,000 free WordPress plugins available to install. You can also find plenty of paid plugins developed and sold by third-party developers and websites.Here are a few essential WordPress plugins you should consider installing right away depending on your needs.FeaturesEnvira Gallery Lite: enables you to add amazing photo galleries to your website. WPForms Lite: Lets you add a contact form to your site. Monsterinsights: allows you to connect your WordPress site with Google Analytics and see how users find and utilize your website so that you can keep them coming back.Website OptimizationWP Super Cache: enhances your site speed by serving cached pages. Rank Math SEO: improves your website SEO to get more traffic from Google.Security Sucuri: website malware scanner and security audit Updraft Plus: lets you create automatic backups of your WordPress siteCongratulations! You just learned how to build a website from scratch!The cool thing about the whole process presented in this article is that you can do it all by yourself without any professional help.If you can learn how to start a website by following the simple steps mentioned above, then it’s going to be the most budget-friendly solution for you.Have any questions regarding how to make a website? Ask away in the comments below, or join my free blogging course where you can ask me questions directly via email!How to set up a website from scratch FAQsQ: What do I need to build a WordPress website?A: You need these 3 things:A domain nameâ€"the name of your site (e.g., startbloggingonline.com)WordPress hostingâ€"the place for storing your website files30 minutes of your full attentionQ: How much does it cost to build a website?A: Well, it depends on what kind of site you’re trying to build. A typical business site can cost around $100/year and can even go as high as $30,000/year. But if you use HostGator using the links on this page you can get one for under $3 a month!Q: How can I make a website for my small businessA: The steps laid out in this article will also work just fine for a business website.Q: How can I create a free website?A: WordPress.com is a great place to host  a website for free, but if you want to make money or run a business, it isnt recommended!

What Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate...

The change in global climate is the most powerful problem that currently occurs on the earth. The problems of climate change may be caused by both of human activities and natural events. Climate change is the changes that affect the world’s weather, including shifts in temperature, ocean level, land, and precipitation. The climate change phenomenon can affect everything in the world not only natural environment, but also human society, and the world economy. This essay aims to evaluate the role of human actions that have caused the climate change. The first part of this essay will talk about the possible causes of climate change, and the second part will discuss the role of human activity, which is cause the climate change. The factors†¦show more content†¦Maslin (2007) points out that Global Warming is caused by the massive increase in greenhouse gases, especially, carbon dioxide that were emitted to the atmosphere. Additionally, human activities are also causing the climate change and greenhouse gases level. Examples of such human activities are burning of coal, exhaust gas emission, deforestation and other agricultural and industrial practices. These activities are altering the atmospheric balance and contributing to climate change (United Nation Environment Programme, 2006). To produce energy by burned coal, oil, and natural gas are produced carbon dioxide, which can affect atmosphere at the same time. People used that energy for transportation, manufacturing, electricity production, and other applications. People in almost every country usually took advantage by using landscape for agriculture, farming, and logging. For example of deforestation in Thailand, when farmers need to plant crops , they choose to burn the old plant instead of dig them out, so it can lead to carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, industrial practices are actions of human, which interest only profitable, and amenity but they did not care about consequence in the future. In conclusion, the climate change events such as the greenhouse effect and global warming are caused by both of changing in naturalShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Global Warming Mean?797 Words   |  3 Pages Global Warming Have you ever asked yourself what does the global warming mean? What is it caused by? According to Dictionary.com global warming means, â€Å"An increase in the earths average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect.† Svante Arrhenius, the Swedish chemist who coined the term of global warming in 1896 and launched the theory, says that the burning of fossil fuels will increase the amount of carbon dioxide in theRead MoreClimate Warming : Global Warming Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe climate on the Earth is changing. Currently, the temperature of the earth’s climate system continues to rapidly increase which leads to global warming. Global warming, by definition is the â€Å"gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants†(We bster’s). There are many reasons why global warming occurs, such as human activities and the increasingRead MoreIn The Last 100 Years, The Amount Of Greenhouse Gases In1405 Words   |  6 Pagesgreenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased, causing the Earth to warm by an average of 0.6 degrees celsius, largely a result of burning fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and land use changes increased for food production. The basic science is straightforward and climate researchers have shown that gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and others can trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Human activities such as industry, transport, energyRead Moreâ€Å"Up and Down, Up and Down – That Is How Temperature and Climate Have Always Gone in the Past and There Is No Proof They Are Not Still Doing Exactly the Same Now. in Other Words, Climate Change Is an Entirely Natural1451 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Up and dow n, up and down – that is how temperature and climate have always gone in the past and there is no proof they are not still doing exactly the same now. In other words, climate change is an entirely natural phenomenon, nothing to do with the burning of fossil fuels† (David Bellamy). To what extent do you agree with this statement? The idea of climate change, for many, is an opinionated subject with much discussion of whether it is a real issue or just a natural phenomenon. However in recentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth1577 Words   |  7 PagesTo sustain life on earth, the earth temperature must be maintain at a very delicate figure. But what if the unthinkable happens? What if the earth’s temperature was to increase by a just mere half a degree, maybe a full or even two or three, the effects could be devastating to the environment, to me and to you. Unfortunately we may have the opportunity to see the effects of the earth temperature rising a few degrees in this lifetime. According to scientist, for hundreds of thousands of years, a phenomenonRead MoreEssay about Global Warming601 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal Warming Global Warming is an important ecological issue and has many negative effects upon our environment. Global Warming, or what has been called the Greenhouse effect, is the result of a fourfold ecological process. 1-Sunlight radiates from the sun, through space, to Earth’s atmosphere. 2- The sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits Earth. Some of it turns into heat energy in the form of infrared light. The heat gets absorbed by surrounding air and land, which in turn makes it warmRead MoreGarbage Collection And The Waste Of Garbage1659 Words   |  7 PagesOrchard, in which there is only one source of trash collection and the sole manner of getting rid of trash is to dump it down a communal sewer. Every individual living in The Orchard has access to the sewer and can utilize it as mush as the desire. A problem arises however when a member of this society realizes that the sewer has reached capacity. Due to this concern, any additional trash will overflow into the communityâ€⠄¢s crops and contaminate their agriculture. The leader of, The Orchard, decides thatRead MoreGlobal Warming In Texas Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagessafety has been coming faster than we know what to do about it. Heatwaves and hurricanes are nothing new, but in 2015, Austin, TX had 38.5 more days above 100 °F since 1970 (â€Å"U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity†) and the average number of deaths in a fatal Texas hurricane has risen from 25.3 in the late 20th century to 36.3 in the early 21st century in a span of under 40 years (â€Å"Texas Hurricane History†). While many lawmakers may try to say otherwise, global warming has played a bigRead MoreThe Documentary Chasing Ice By Jeff Orlowski1236 Words   |  5 Pages Over the years, the topic of climate change is discussed more frequently, and virtually everyone has their own stance on it. The source of the changing climate is believed to be from the excess carbon dioxide being released into the atmos phere. Since climate change is such a complex topic, experts are often consulted for their vast knowledge in their respected fields. Climate change can be seen in many different parts of nature, but the documentary Chasing Ice focuses mainly on the glacial movementRead MoreValuing Uluru As An Aboriginal Cultural Landscape1520 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization (UNESCO) (2012), define cultural landscape as â€Å"cultural properties that represent the combined works of nature and of man.† It is a broad concept that can be referred to as the appearance of the earth’s surface, and its depiction in arts, human cultures and general territories (Steve Hoelscher 2007, p. 76). There exist many cultural landscapes that represent different regions from around the world, and to date there are 88 cultural landscapes and 4 trans-boundary properties on the world heritage

Fun with Chemistry - Honeycomb Candy Recipe

Honeycomb candy is an easy-to-make candy that has an interesting texture caused by carbon dioxide bubbles getting trapped within the candy. The carbon dioxide is produced when baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is added to hot syrup. It is the same process used to make some baked goods rise, except here the bubbles are trapped to form a crisp candy. The holes in the candy make it light and give it a honeycomb appearance. Honeycomb Candy Ingredients You only need a few basic cooking ingredients to prepare this recipe: 3/4 cup sugar2 tablespoons honey2 tablespoons water1-1/2 teaspoons baking soda Honeycomb Candy Instructions Grease a cookie sheet. You can use oil, butter, or non-stick cooking spray.Add the sugar, honey, and water to a saucepan. You can stir the mixture, but it isnt necessary.Cook the ingredients over high heat, without stirring, until the mixture reaches 300Â °F. The sugar will melt, small bubbles will form, the bubbles will become larger, then the sugar will start to carmelize to an amber color.When the temperature reaches 300Â °F, remove the pan from heat and whisk the baking soda into the hot syrup. This will cause the syrup to foam up.Stir just enough to mix the ingredients, then dump the mixture onto the greased baking sheet. Dont spread out the candy, as this would pop your bubbles.Allow the candy to cool, then break or cut it into pieces.Store the honeycomb candy in an airtight container.

FDAs Approval of Prescription Drugs Essay - 1536 Words

There are many direct to consumer advertising for prescription drugs. On television, magazines, radio etc, you see the most recent advertisements for prescription drugs. After some people see the advertisements they soon rush over to their doctor and their illness and life would be perfectly pain and stress free. Making the public conscious of options for treatment is not a bad thing. But these false advertisements are misleading consumers onto unnecessary treatment. Advertisements have one primary purpose that is to persuade. Prescription medications Ads tell the consumers to get treatment and also imply that they have the need for it to solve their problems. Since prescription Ads have been introduced, the pharmaceutical†¦show more content†¦Merck will soon face many challenges in the business of producing drugs. The companys most popular drugs are coming to a close to their patent expiration. One of the best selling drugs is called Zocar, which is used for cholest erol problems. Zocar will have to soon face competition next June from other generic drug makers. The elimination of Zocar from the market will erase the $5.2 billion sales annually. Fosomax, an osteoporosis relieving drug, produced by Merck will soon lose the$ 2.2 billion annual sales because of the expiration of its patent. Also, another problem is the struggles recently to find new medicines. The prescription painkiller drug, which was introduced in 1999, is called Vioxx. Vioxx was introduced by Merck and co. Vioxx served the purpose of being a painkiller in the relief of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, painful menstruation and other types of acute pain. This painkilling drug would be classified as a non-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Last year, in September 2004, Merck withdrawed Vioxx, off the market. Studies of Vioxx showed that it doubled the risk of a heart attack or stroke for patients who have used it more than 18 months. After Merck, withdrawed Vioxx fr om the market, the FDA, issued a public health advisory for the users of Vioxx. Therefore, Vioxx was on the market for five years withoutShow MoreRelatedThe Food And Drug Administration1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is best known for its role on protecting the health of the public by making sure that food, medications are safe and effective. Especially when it comes to the pharmaceutical industry, its mission is to regulate pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as the drug approval process. However, in the recent years, many arguments and controversy regarding drug development and regulation have risen. Drug advertisements make false and misleading claims, products areRead MoreThe Drug Of Medical Marijuana983 Words   |  4 Pagescan be. Likewise, drug companies would obviously prefer a system in which consumers face potential jail time for marijuana and forced to pay sky high prices from prescription drugs which synthesize marijuana’s c hemicals. There is also revolving door between employees of drug companies and the FDA, another obvious conflict of interest. However, there are larger systematic conflicts of interest within the FDA. In 1992, Congress passed the Prescription Drug User Fee Act allowing drug companies to payRead MoreThe Drug Advertisements Of New Zealand992 Words   |  4 PagesBill Maher once mocked the aggressive nature of the drug advertisements that direct you to tell your doctor that their drug is right for you. â€Å"Tell your doctor? Shouldn’t your doctor tell you what drugs you need. When you tell your doctor isn’t he just a dealer at that point,† said Bill Maher. The American public generally trusts their government to protect them from the hidden dangers prescription and over-the-counter drugs. 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The current extent of FDA regulations reaches a wide variety of product groups such as electronic devices, cosmetics, foods, biologics, tobacco, medical devices, and veterinary devices (US Food Drug Administration, 2016). The FDA is also accountable for the safety of the food supply, prescription drugs, and th e manufacturing of productsRead MoreThe Politics and Economics of FDA Drug Approval Essay2413 Words   |  10 PagesEconomics of FDA Drug Approval The United Sates Food and Drug Administration has been protecting American consumers for around 70 years. The FDA assures the safety drugs, medical devices, chemicals, cosmetics, foods and additives by evaluating products for approval. Controversy has recently been surrounding the FDAs drug approval process, due to a general trend to get pharmaceuticals on the market more quickly. The FDA has been under pressure from congress and the public to speed approval, but pharmaceuticalRead MoreEnsuring Consumer Safety: Toward Redefining the U.S. Food and Drug Administration4116 Words   |  17 Pagesthe U.S. Food and Drug Administration The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of foods, medical devices, and prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications). The FDA regulates and supervises medical devices and drugs throughout their development, manufacturing, process of approval, marketing, and postRead MoreShould Drugs Be Safe For Consumption?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthese medications will benefit your health? How do you know that the drugs are safe for you? Every day, men and women enter hospitals because of a doctor’s appointment or because of an infirmity. Most of them will have prescribed drugs from doctors, but none of them will question of the effectiveness and safety of the pharmaceuticals. There are also many other ways to obtain drugs like through a local drug store, but the drugs are considered to be s afe for consumption. This is because the UnitedRead MoreRace Labeling Of Non Whites From Clinical Trials1656 Words   |  7 Pagesbroader goal of increasing racial minorities’ participation in clinical trials (Winickoff and Obasogie, 2008). For instance, by specifying African Americans as the only beneficiaries of BiDil, the same idea could be applied for a special efficacy drug for Whites, â€Å"the largest and most lucrative population segment of the United States† (Winickoff and Obasogie,2008). This logic could be used to justify the exclusion of non-Whites from clinical trials. This seems to be what happened in 2006 when Schering-Plough

Business Academic Skills Global Business Standard Codex

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Academic Skillsfor Global Business Standard Codex. Answer: Introduction Over the years the demands of the consumers have shifted thus the business conduct of the textile, footwear, and clothing industries have also changed. The ideology that the quality products can only be found in the developing countries, has shifted to the perception that quality is somewhat related to fast fashion. Thus these leads to the issues with the Global Business Standard Codex (GBSC) such as exploitation of the workers, bribery and citizenship principles. The demand in favor of the business conduct within the industry and especially in the developing countries help in providing tools for the economic growth of the employees thus helping the developing countries to grow as well. Thus it also gives a competitive advantage to the industries participating in these nation's markets. The main scope of the GBSC is to create an equilibrium so that the organizations could develop their manufacturing and production relationship and in doing so help put a higher focus on the socially r esponsible behavior. Descriptive Ethics The empirical research of the attitudes of the people as an individual or as a group is known as descriptive ethics. The main aim of the descriptive ethics is to explore beliefs of the people in things such as morals, things which are right and which are wrong, which attitudes of the moral agents are righteous (Crinis, 2010). After all the criticism and hindrance the conduct of the corporate codes still continue to dominate the Corporate social Responsibility and the informal exploitation of the regulation of the workers and the abuse done by the sweatshop supplying the northern MNCs. By going through the existing empirical and literature evidence of the Vietnamese case studies two factors can be stated for the poor performances of the code of conducts (de Graaf, 2006). It can be seen that the control that the MNCs have on its subcontracting suppliers are misleading and misquoted as the suppliers operate as networks not as hierarchies as misjudged by the conception of a principal-agent factor. Thus regarding the network of conflicting of economic and political imperatives as relationships leads to the second factor derived from the sources. The intermediary vendors, factory workers, subcontractor employers as well as the MNCs seeking the code of conduct commitments are keen on violating the key aspects of the codes and misleading the auditors. Thus these analysis leads to the fact that the COCs value leads to the disadvantage of the women workers working in these industries (Hoang and Jones, 2012). Cause of Analytical Ethical Dilemma The culture of various companies is different but among all these, some companies excel in results and profits. The management gives less emphasis in ethical breaches if the worker produces a result as per as the expectation of the company. The whistleblowers feel reluctant to bring light to these breaches as they fear they might be considered not to be a team player and untrustworthy. Thus these leads to the ethical dilemmas due to the immoral pressure inflicted upon them by their bosses or when some particular employees feel that they can bring out the bad behavior of the co-workers or the seniors (Tokatli, 2007). Which Stakeholders who are Impacted and How? The analysis on the impact of the stakeholders comprises of two elements assessment of impacts and inventory of impacts within the SA framework. The inventory mainly deals with the social and environmental impacts (Snyder, 2010). The impact can be demonstrated as falling along a continuum from a positive towards negative. The mapping system for the engagement of the stakeholders involves two aspects stakeholders' importance and the stakeholders' perception. The evaluating model assesses the stakeholder perception from positive to negative and the importance of the stakeholder from low to high. The assessment of the stakeholder importance can be assessed by the theory of the stakeholder by Mitchell which is based on three main aspects the power of the stakeholder to influence on the organization, the relationship between the organization and the stakeholder, and the effect of the stakeholder's claim on the organization. These framework helps to evaluate the result of multiple stakehol ders involved and the social and environmental impacts associated with specific stakeholder (Vinnikov, Allison and Fernandes, 2016). What Stakeholders Should do to Improve the Ethical Dilemma The ethical decisions are made every day but it is also mandatory to reflect on what these familiar activities involve. The ethical decision is an act of individual decision making having grounded in unique personal perspective. Thus when a stakeholder tries to influence a decision-making they should do so by producing beliefs and desires appropriate for making a perfect decision (Kozlowski, Bardecki and Searcy, 2012). Ethical decisions are choices which could harm others thus the stakeholders should have an overall perspective before taking any kind of decision. The ethical decisions are tied to individual relationships and roles. The obligations arise from various social norms thus sometimes result in obligations for the decision maker. The ethical decision should be well governed by the principles of general ethics. The Stakeholder should analyze well before taking any decision as the ethical problems are hard to recognize (Ozer Keskin, 2013). Opposing/Counter Argument by Discussing What is Happening and Impacts to Stakeholders The CSR practices do benefit business performances of the clothing, footwear and the apparel industry but there are organizations who also talk of other benefits as well. The CSR can improve the employee retention and recruitment process, have greater consumer loyalty by differentiating brands, do manage to reduce environmental risks in order reduce harmful accidents (Lybecker, McBeth and Stoutenborough, 2016). These help not in financial gains but also environmental and social benefits. The conservative mentality is that the organization's sole purpose should increase the return to the stakeholders not having any kind of responsibilities towards the society. They argue that the managers should not hold social cause for the diverse set of the owners. They believe that the organizations benefit society best by distributing more profits to the owners. After which they can make charitable donations to make other society responsible actions (Lybecker, McBeth and Stoutenborough, 2016). Conclusion The report does have a thorough understanding of the various GSBC impacts that the textile, footwear and apparel industries do face. The various ethical dilemmas that are there on loose and are very less regarded as mandatory aspects. The roles of the employees on how they increase these ethical dilemmas and what the stakeholders can do to appropriate steps so that there is not wrong design taken. Also, the some ideas of the conservative thinkers are highlighted which could reflect the whole scenario. References Crinis, V. (2010). Sweat or No Sweat: Foreign Workers in the Garment Industry in Malaysia.Journal of Contemporary Asia, 40(4), pp.589-611. de Graaf, G. (2006). Discourse and descriptive business ethics.Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(3), pp.246-258. Hoang, D. and Jones, B. (2012). Why do corporate codes of conduct fail? Women workers and clothing supply chains in Vietnam.Global Social Policy, 12(1), pp.67-85. Kozlowski, A., Bardecki, M. and Searcy, C. (2012). Environmental Impacts in the Fashion Industry.Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 2012(45), pp.16-36. Lybecker, D., McBeth, M. and Stoutenborough, J. (2016). Do We Understand What the Public Hears? Stakeholders Preferred Communication Choices for Discussing River Issues with the Public.Review of Policy Research, 33(4), pp.376-392. Ozer Keskin, M. (2013). "What should i do?" Making ethical decision in certain hypothetical cases.International Journal of Academic Research, 5(6), pp.87-98. Snyder, J. (2010). Exploitation and Sweatshop Labor: Perspectives and Issues.Bus. Ethics Q., 20(02), pp.187-213. Tokatli, N. (2007). Global sourcing: insights from the global clothing industry the case of Zara, a fast fashion retailer.Journal of Economic Geography, 8(1), pp.21-38. Vinnikov, M., Allison, R. and Fernandes, S. (2016). Impact of depth of field simulation on visual fatigue: Who are impacted? and how?.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 91, pp.37-51.

200 Powerful Words to Use Instead of Good [Infographic]

Do you find yourself using the word â€Å"good† to describe just about anything? Good weather, good movies, good essay writing service, good music, good life, good this, good that†¦ Surely, it’s convenient and time-efficient to use one word over and over again, but is it really what a good research paper writer would do? We bet it isn’t. That’s why we’ve put together this handy infographic containing 200 different words for â€Å"good† to help you make your speech and writing more powerful and impactful. By the way, if you ever need help with that, just drop us a line "do my assignment" and we'll get it done for you quickly and easily. Don’t wrack your brain looking for other words for â€Å"good†Ã¢â‚¬â€just choose the one you like from our infographic!

Use of language in A View from the Bridge essays

Use of language in A View from the Bridge essays The device for depicting Italian and Sicilian immigrants enables miller to make them more or less articulate in English. Only Alfieri is a properly articulate, educated speaker of American English: for this reason he can explain Eddies actions to the audience, but not to Eddie, who does not really speak his language. Eddie uses a naturalistic Brooklyn slang quicker for more quickly, stole for stolen and so on. His speech is simple, but at the start of the play is more colourful, as he tells Catherine she is walkin wavy and as he calls her Madonna. Miller uses epigrammatical style in some of Alfieris speeches. For example at the beginning of the play where Alfieri says: A lawyer means the law, and in Sicily, from where their fathers came, the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. Miller shows that Alfieri is well educated and that he has a full historical background of his ancestors and how they were treated before his time. All of Alfieris speeches are soliloquy as he disrupts the play at certain periods and enlightens the audience with the story himself. Miller also creates asides in Alfieris speeches, where in the stage directions, the light fades on the scene and onto him on his desk as he gives a speech directed only to the audience he goes out of the department. The lights go down, as they rise on Alfieri.. This method however, enhances the secrecy of particular moments in the play (Alfieris interpretations of Eddies feelings). Antithesism is used in Alfieris opening speech at the beginning of the play where he says; and my practice is entirely unromantic. This signifies to the audience how he feels towards his job that it is the total opposite to romantic and towards the law in particular. To conclude, his dealings with longshore ...

IT Governance and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

IT Governance and Law - Essay Example CRM or Customer Relationship Management is the process whereby all the information relative to a customer linked to an organization is properly catered. This is done mainly with the help of information systems. Proper handling of information relative to customers is the key to the prosperity of any organization. The processing of customer related information such that it becomes the center of the information flow of any organization is the core responsibility of the Customer Relationship arena or CRM. Traditional CRM systems have been promoting the business arena for a number of years now. Benefitting from their services organizations have also evolved with the increasing technological advancements. The way CRM systems have incorporated with the emerging phenomenon of Cloud Computing and what the implications of such incorporation may be are integral need of the day discussions. The report is aimed such that the relativeness of CRM systems is narrated first as an introductory term an d then as a discussion evaluating the significance of the conventional old systems and the new cloud incorporated systems. Figure 1: Customer Relationship Management. ... omized particularly to each business’ needs CRM systems not only manage data but also result in the overall analysis and prosperity of sales figures. CRM for Investment broker? The main services that a Retail brokerage firm offers are collectively termed as Wealth Management Services. These include coverage of stock trading for individual investors, investments in different mutual funds and other financial products like insurance products. They also offer advisory services to strengthen their relationship with their customers. A new class of customer relationship managers has emerged that focused specially the business of offering financial services. Due to this development it is extremely essential for the Retail brokerages to opt for a sophisticated and proven Customer Relationship Management system in order to achieve better productivity, customer satisfaction and yield. What is cloud? The term cloud has become much prevalent nowadays. The cloud, in common words, may be ref erred to as a collective pool of resources which can be accessed by multiple users. The usage of the resources on the cloud is often associated with the authorizations given to the users but as per need the resources may be made publically accessible as well. The core concept of cloud, in a formal definition narrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the organization terms cloud as: A model that provides accessibility to a set of resources being made available in the form of a pool. The resources are linked to network access of the on-demand type, which is being provided with suitability. The examples of the shared computing resources may be networks, storage areas, services, applications and servers etc. These readily available resources are available with very little

Global GDP, Death Rate, and Life Expectancy Research Paper

Global GDP, Death Rate, and Life Expectancy - Research Paper Example First, as per capita GDP increases, the life expectancy also increases for that country. Second, as per capita GDP increases the death rate would decrease for that country. The data was gathered from the US Central Intelligence Agency Factbook available online. Information was gathered from 220 countries that listed their per capita GDP, death rate, and life expectancy. Every attempt was made to use the most current data available, and all of the data was from 2007-2008. No data used was older than the data from 2007. The per capita GDP was the 2007 rate, and the death rate and life expectancy were based on 2008 estimates. From this list of 220 countries, a group of 30 countries were selected for analyzing by the following method: The countries were sorted in ascending order according to the per capita GDP. The highest and the lowest countries were eliminated. The countries were selected by choosing every seventh country from the list, resulting in a final list of 30 countries. Standard deviation was calculated using the n-1 method using the Excel spreadsheet. The per capita GDP had a high of $79,400 in Luxembourg and a low of $300 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for a range of $79,100. The mean per capita GDP was $7600, with a standard deviation of $17,635. Though the United States was not on the list used for evaluation, it is included as a reference point at $45,800. The Death Rate The Death Rate is measured in deaths per 1000 population. It ranged from a low of 3.53 in the Gaza Strip to a high of 22.33 in Lesotho for a range of 18.8. The median death rate was 7.49, and a standard deviation of 4.11. The median death rate is marginally less than the US's 8.27. Life expectancy is listed in years and ranged from a low of 40.17 years in Lesotho to a high of 79.36 years in Austria. The life expectancy range was 39.19 years and a median life expectancy of 73 years with a standard deviation of 9.91 years. The global median life expectancy is below the US's life expectancy of 78.14 years. Tables 1, 2, and 3 are the comprehensive lists of the data used for this research that has been ordered by per capita GDP, death rate, and life expectancy. The Data: Initial Examination For an initial examination of the data, it is helpful to view the information on a histogram. This gives a visual indication of the range of the data as well as the distribution across the range. Figures 1, 2, and 3 are the histograms that represent the per capita GDP, death rate, and life expectancy respectfully. Table 1: Data sorted by per capita GDP Country Per Capita GDP Rank Per Cap GDP Death Rate per 1000 pop Rank Death Rate Life Expect Life Exp Rank Luxembourg $79,400 1 8.43 18 79.18 3 Ireland $46,600 2 7.77 15 78.07 5 Austria $39,300 3 9.91 21 79.36 1 Germany $34,100 4 10.8 24 79.1 4 Faroe Islands $31,000 5 8.67 19 79.29 2 Bahamas, The $28,000 6 9.22 20 65.72 24 Czech Republic $24,500 7 10.69 23 76.62 8 Oman $19,000 8 3.68 3 73.91 12 Latvia $17,700 9 13.63 28 71.88 18 Poland $16,200 10 9.99 22 75.41 10 Botswana $14,300 11 14.02 29 50.16 29 Mexico $12,400 12 4.78 7 75.84 9 Cuba $11,000 13 7.19 14 77.27 6 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $9,800 14 5.96 10 74.34 11 Thailand $8,000 15 7.17 13 72.83 17 Ecuador $7,200 16 4.21 6 76.81 7 American Samoa $5,800 17 4.13 5 73.47 14 Tonga $5,100 18 5.12 8 70.44 20 Maldives $4,600

The Effect of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Buying Behavior Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Buying Behavior Essay The crescendo of celebrities endorsing brands has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years or so. Marketers overtly acknowledge the power of celebrity in influencing buyers purchase decision. They have firm believe that likeability or a favorable attitude towards a brand is created by the use of a celebrity. The crore of rupees spent per year on celebrity endorsement contracts show that celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Sharukh khan and Sachin Tendulkar play an important role for the advertising industry. It is an established fact that celebrity endorsement can bestow unique features or special attributes upon a product that it may have lacked otherwise. In India from late 1970s and early 80s the new trend in advertising started. Brands started being endorsed by celebrities. Hindi film and TV stars as well as sportspersons were roped in to endorse prominent brands. Advertisements featuring stars like Late Jalal Agha (Pan Parag), Tabassum (Prestige cookers), Sunil Gavaskar for Dinesh Suiting, Ravi Shastri and Vivian Richards (Vimal), Persis Khambhata and Kapil Dev (Palmolive Shaving cream) became common . Though marketers should remember that celebrities are mere living beings like us and if they can highlight the benefits or advantages of a brand they can also have some uncanny negative impact. Theory and practice suggests that the use of stars and their unleashing power in advertising generate a lot of publicity and attention from the public but the underline questions are, do these stars really help a brand by increasing its sales? On the other hand, can they really have an Impact on the persons consumption pattern, thereby changing his brand preference? How an advertisement featuring a celebrity can influence consumers buying decision and can create an association between a brand and a common man. To answer these questions, the article will examine the relationship between celebrity endorsements and brands, and the impact of celebrity endorsement on consumers buying behaviour as well as how consumer makes brand preferences. We will apply a wide range of accepted principles of how consumers brand attitudes and preferences can be influenced, how buyers behavior can be influenced, how buyers behavior can be molded. We will use the principles of credibility of source and attractiveness, the match-up hypothesis, the consumer decision-making model and the communication model to understand this phenomenon. Brand- A layman  perspective Brand is the proprietary visual, emotional, rational and cultural image that you can associate with a company or the product. Few examples will bring home the meaning i.e. Amul utterly butterly delicious; Coke – thanda matlab coca-cola; Pepsi – Yeh dil mange more; Kurkure- Masti bole to kurkure and Daewoo ka India. These examples convey one message that when people watch advertisement a connect is being created and result is that people go for experience of buying. People feel by using the brand they will portray certain traits or characteristics that otherwise they do not have. This generates a certain level of emotional affiliation and a sense of fulfillment. It is this emotional relationship with brands that make them so powerful. Advertisements enforces what exactly the brand stands for and what to expect by its consumption and above all what factors, features and attributes makes it better from competition. Advertisements along with other marketing efforts generate expectations and feelings in a customer and force them to think when they see or hear the brand name. This Thinking process and emotional bonding gets more mature and relevant when a celebrity endorses the brand. The subjective intangible feelings of a customer become objective and tangible in the form of celebrity and the level of expectations will rise. The customer will start to perceive himself in the reference frame of the celebrity after the brand or the advertised product has been purchased or consumed by him. Celebrity and a Brand Star power in India can be gauged by the successful endorsements done by Sharukh Khan (Pepsi, Hyundai Santro, Sunfeast, and Navratan etc.), Amitabh Bachchan, Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid, Hrithik Roshan and the others. The inevitable question is, if and how the lively interest of the public in the rich and famous can be efficiently and effectively used by companies to promote their brands and consequently to increase their sales revenues. This fact can be brought out by using certain examples i.e. Mr. Amitabh Bachchan promoting Cadbury chocolates after the fiasco of infestation when the image of Cadbury India went very low in the eyes of people. Soon the company found a perfect fit and a reliable celebrity to transmit the correct message and help regenerating the lost trust. The fit between the product and celebrity  is evident as Mr. Bachchan and Cadbury chocolates both have tested troubled times and still they stand tall and the love and trust they both share with the people al l across India. This is a live example of how a celebrity brought certain attributes to a product like chocolate. Actor Sharukh khan has also endorsed diversified products. His endorsement basket is ranging from Hyundai Santro to Sunfeast biscuits on one hand and from Compaq computers to Videocon electronics on the other. According to Advertising research companies both the actors are doing well and the ad spent on both by the companies is increasing at a phenomenal rate, so does their basket of endorsements. These actors bring reliability and trust in the brand and above all, they help in increasing the sales revenues. Celebrity endorsements are powerful, has become evident from the above two examples but, why is it so? This power is offered by the following elements, which also creates a Top of the Mind Position. * Instant Awareness, knowledge about the brand and easy recall. * Values and image of the brand is defined, highlighted and refreshed by the celebrity. * The celebrity adds new edge and dimension to the brand. * Credibility, trust, association, aspiration and connectivity to brand. * Belief in efficiency and new appearance that will result in at least trial usage. Understanding Consumer Behaviour Consumer behaviour is the study of how people buy, what they buy, when they buy and why they buy. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, sociopsychology, anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision-making process, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics, psychographics, and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. The study and knowledge of consumer behavior helps firms and organizations to improve their marketing strategies and product offerings. Following are the important issues that have significant influence on consumers psyche  and their ability to take decisions: †¢ The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); †¢ The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); †¢ The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; †¢ Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; †¢ How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and †¢ How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. †¢ Their Age, Religion, Culture, Income, informal group and Referent Group. Understanding these issues helps us adapt our strategies by taking the consumer into consideration. Traditional Factors affecting consumer decision making There are several factors that affect consumers decision to purchase a brand and a product. These factors though at time are not very much visible but they make an impact and affects sales of a product or brand up to a great extent. The table below shows some of these factors. Impact of a Brand on consumer purchase decision Research studies have proven that known products and names are sold more than unknown ones. Therefore, a known brand or an optimally exposed brand will find more recognition and buyers in the market in comparison to completely unknown or unexposed brand. Recognition of brand and its significance along with the traditional factors plays a very significant role in consumer decision-making process. More or less every consumer has a brand preference and given the affordability and societal norms, each buyer would like to buy and consume one of the highly acceptable, recognizable, and reputed brands. The above given model explains the important role that a brand plays in three different stages of consumers purchase decision making. A consumer start collecting data or information about his favourite brand than he keeps his favourite as one of the alternatives and he evaluate his selected brand against all available options and on finding it suitable or best among all options based upon a qualitative and quantitative evaluation he will ultimately purchase the selected or favourite brand. The diagram above explains how various traditional factors along with brand preference interact during purchase decision process and finally results into a consumers final product choice or ultimate purchase. Celebrity and a brand Surveys suggest that compared to any other types of endorsers, famous people achieve a higher degree of attention and recall. They increase awareness of a companys advertising as well as help in retention of message in the psyche of the audience. They can also help the company in reducing their expenditure on Media and other forms of publicity. An example will bring more clarity, When S Kumars, a known textile brand entered into readymade garments business they used Hrithik Roshan, then the hottest advertising icon for their launch advertising for TAMARIND, now one of the premium readymade brands. They reckoned that they have spent 40-50 percent less on media due to sheer impact of using hottest star like Hrithik. The Ad recall was as high as 70 percent and the campaign can be termed as a great success. Celebrities also create positive feelings towards brands, connect user to brand and are perceived by consumers as more entertaining. Using a celebrity in advertising or for any, other type of communication for brand building is likely to positively affect consumers brand preference, brand attitude, brand association and purchase intentions. To ensure positive results, however, it is critical for advertisers to have a clear understanding of consumers reactions and reinforcement of celebrity endorsement. The impact of celebrity endorsement on any brand as well as on consumers purchase decision is very critical. Source Credibility Central goal of advertising is the convincing of consumers and persuasion to purchase, the ultimate objective, though not openly spoken, is to some how attract consumers to the market offering of the company, generating positive attitude, reinforce positive association and ultimately to generate sales,  may be a trial purchase. At later stages, the sponsor may work towards creating a brand loyalty but generating initial sales or increasing the existing sales is the primary objective. In this respect, the credibility of an endorser along with advertisement plays an important role in convincing the target audience of the attractiveness of the companys brand and generates sales. Pursuing a celebrity endorsement strategy enables advertisers to project a credible image in terms of expertise, persuasiveness, trustworthiness, and objectiveness. To create effective messages, celebrity advertisers also have to consider the attractiveness of the spokesperson. Source attractiveness refers to the endorsers Physical appearance, Personality, Likeability and Similarity to the receiver, thus to the perceived social value of the source. This behavior mainly goes back to halo effect, whereby persons who perform well on one dimension example: physical attractiveness or top professional performance, social status are assumed to excel on other levels as well i.e. happiness and coolness. This is evident from the use of Fardeen Khan, modern, dynamic, outgoing and smart personality for Provogue; he translates the modernism of the brand well. Titan uses Aamir Khan in his different avatars for communicating to the public that their watches are as reliable and passionate as Aamir is for films. Both Fardeen and Aamir carry the message well and enhance the credibility of the brand they endorse. Establishing a Perfect Match Research proves that a spokesperson especially for a service product or organization (ICICI- First Amitabh Bachchan, now Shahrukh Khan) interacts with the type of brand being advertised. These stars communicate the value of the product and transform an ordinary service into a miracle solution for all problems of an ordinary customer. According to Friedman and Friedman (1979), a famous relative to a normal spokesperson is more effective for products high in psychological or social risk, involving such elements as good taste, self-image, and opinion of others. Several research studies have examined the congruency between celebrity endorsers and brands to explain the effectiveness of using famous persons to promote brands. In India, a brand called Reid Taylor presented its perfect example when they first launched their advertising campaign featuring James Bond fame of the time Mr. Pierce Brosnan along with the tagline BOND WITH THE BEST but the James  Bond idea did not worked and the company was not happy with the results. After the debacle of the first campaign, company introduced a family ad where children are celebrating there parents silver wedding anniversary and they are out with their father to purchase a suit for him. Even this commercial did not work and it was taken off the air. As a last resort, company introduced Mr. Amitabh Bachchan as Reid Taylor man, a man propagating the brand for special occasion and for very special people in life. The commercial from the initial days got good response and did extremely well as people were able to connect with Mr. Bachchan and the values he was propagating. For the masses, there was a perfect match of an ideal Indian family man, a star and a good quality but bit highly priced brand reserved especially for special occasions and for very special people. Second example that can be quoted is of Vishwanathan Anand, who endorsed NIIT. NIIT adopted a very smart strategy by roping in Vishwanathan Anand an international chess wizard for their advertising campaign. As chess is considered to be a game full of strategies and a game for smart people and when one of the greats of the game is asking people to join NIIT it was suppose to have a positive influence on the people and actually it had. There was complete congruency and compatibility between the celebrity endorser, the product and the message. Contrary to only favorable outcomes, there are several examples where the product, even the entire campaign collapsed due to heavy weight celebrity as the agency or the ad failed to establish the relationship between the endorser and the product. Keeping the focus only on success, where the product and the celebrity were a perfect match, following are few examples: Celebrity Endorser Company / Product Amitabh Bachchan * Dabur * Cadbury * Reid and Taylor * Parker Shahrukh Khan * Santro * Videocon * Sunfeast * Pepsi Juhi Chawala * Kurkure Ustad Zakir Hussain * Taj mahal tea Aamir Khan * Titan * Coke * Toyota Innova Aishwarya Rai * Nakshatra * Lux Rani Mukherjee * Fanta * Nestle Munch Kajol and Ajay Devgan * Whirlpool * Tata Indicom The campaigns are not only basking with the glory of success stories, but there is considerable number of failures as well. Assuming that a person just have to be famous to represent a successful brand, however, would be incorrect and may turn out to be a very dangerous preposition resulting into a big calamity for the entire advertising campaign or the brand. Very well accepted and attractive super stars like Abhishek Bachchan and Amitabh Bachchan failed in turning their endorsements into success i.e. Maruti Versa similarly Virendra Sehwag also failed to deliver Reliance Telecommunication with the master stroke of his cricketing genius. Among the possible reasons identified by several authors, including overexposure and identification, the match-up hypothesis specifically suggests that the effectiveness depends on the existence of a fit between the celebrity spokesperson and endorsed brand. Empirical work on the congruency of brand with the celebrity often has concentrated on the physical attractiveness of the endorser. Results show that an attractive spokespersons are more effective in terms of attitude change when prompting brands that enhance ones attractiveness i.e. cosmetics; health drinks or fashion wear. Primary data states, for celebrity spokespersons to be truly effective, they should be knowledgeable, experienced, mature, and a bench mark in their respective field and qualified to talk about the product. Transferring the Meaning After watching an advertisement the consumers try to find the meaning of the advertisement and associate the same with the endorser and eventually transfer to the brand. To understand this phenomenon Mc Cracken (1989)  suggested a comprehensive model known as Meaning Transfer Model. This three-stage model suggests how the meaning associated with the famous person moves from the endorser to the product or the brand. Thus, meanings attributed to the celebrity become associated with the brand in the consumers mind. Finally, in the consumption process, the customer acquires the brands meaning. The third stage of the model explicitly shows the importance of the consumers role in the process of endorsing brands with famous persons. In contrast to anonymous endorsers, celebrities add value to the image transfer process by offering meanings of extra depth and power, what is complemented by their life style and personalities. Therefore, to transfer the correct meaning to the consumer the company should select a celebrity that will produce the most favorable response for consumers and for the purpose the celebrity should have, the appropriate set of characteristics and the public should be able to visualize and comprehend the same. The company should consider the consumers needs while developing their communication strategy and selecting an appropriate celebrity to transmit the same, i.e. Kurkure used actress Juhi Chawala with the punch line Masti Bole To Kurkure and the actress on screen and off-screen personifies the masti and helps the brand in communicating the same easily. Compatibility of the celebritys persona with the overall brand image is very important, as a celebrity imparts credibility and inspirational value to a brand and his or her image should perfectly match the brands image. A good brand campaign idea and an intrinsic link between the celebrity and the message are must for a successful campaign. Certain elements that generate a perfect match or compatibility between the celebrity and brand image are: * Celebritys fit with the brand image along with celebrity-target audience match. * Celebrity associated values and celebrity-product match. * Costs of acquiring the celebrity and his or her popularity along with controversy risks associated with the celebrity. * Credibility, availability and physical attractiveness of celebrity. The above points can be put to perspective by using two examples, first Kapil Devs Palmolive da jawaab nahin and second Nakshatras brand recall due to its endorser, the gorgeous Aishwarya Rai Bachchan. Both brands have edged out and carved out their niche in consumers mind due to image and credibility of their endorsers.  These were the cases of perfect match between the brand image and the image or persona of the celebrity endorser. Conclusion A brief assessment of the current market situation indicates, that celebrity endorsement advertising strategy can under the right circumstances indeed justify the high costs associated with this form of advertising. The use of celebrity for endorsements create a very favorable impact on the consumer and it creates a connect which forces a consumer to purchase a product. However, as several failures show, it is essential for advertisers to be aware of the complex processes underlying celebrity endorsement. It has been proved from the discussion that celebrity endorsements are a powerful and useful tool that magnifies the effect of a campaign but the word of caution to be followed seriously; celebrities alone do not guarantee success nor does a great advertising campaign or the best possible product. It is the combination of several factors and elements that work together for the success of a brand and its acceptance in the minds of consumers as well as for its market offering. Modern day consumers are well educated and smart, they know celebrities are being paid for these endorsements and this knowledge makes consumers rather more cynical about the product and celebrity endorsements. Majority of the consuming population also knows what is advertising and how it actually works and this knowledge of consumer makes the task of celebrity endorsement all the more difficult and challenging for the advertising companies and the sponsors. Indian companies both advertising and product offering companies have top make an effort to overcome this ever-mounting challenge. References * Aaker, David A. (1996), Building Strong Brands. New York, NY: The Free Press. * Daneshvary, Rennae and R. Keith Schwer (2000), The Association Endorsement and * Consumers Intention to Purchase, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17 (3), 203-213. * Friedman, Hershey H. and Linda Friedman (1979), Endorser Effectiveness by Product Type, Journal of Advertising Research, 19 (5), 63-71. * McCracken, Grant (1989), Who Is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process, Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (3), 310-321.

We Wear the Mask :: essays research papers

â€Å"We Wear the Mask†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are times in life where we are forced to do something we do not really want to do. There are certain situations like this that come to my mind. Every so often, my family gets together. As a teenager, I do not want to be confined. I realize some of my relatives are a lot older than me and I should spend as much time with them as I can. When my family gets together, I frequently am forced to go to these events and put a smile on my face. I am acting. I am putting on my â€Å"mask† and pretending that I am happy. This artificial face is the subject of Paul Laurence Dunbar’s poem, â€Å"We Wear the Mask.† Dunbar expresses his feelings on what African-Americans were forced to do a century ago. People thought they were happy doing the work they did for the white culture. In reality, they were not. That is the point Dunbar tries to explain to his readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have never published a poem attacking what my family makes me do and how I put on a joyous face. Dunbar wrote â€Å"We Wear the Mask† in 1903, at the peak of resistance to the Jim Crow laws. Granted, being forced to go to a family reunion is so trivial compared to climbing out of slavery. Fortunately, for African Americans, the turn of the 20th century was when they started to come out from behind the masks. â€Å"We Wear the Mask† was as important to the freedom movement as the TV was for advertising, or the car was for transportation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dunbar uses irony to express what the mask really is. As the poem opens, I for one was confused at what it was about. With no prior of Paul Laurence Dunbar, I had no idea what to expect. The opening lines of the poem read â€Å"We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes.† My first thought was this poem was written by an avid actor. I believed he was explaining the difference between himself on and off stage. It turns out I was totally wrong after reading through the rest of the poem. The mask is a symbol. It is a symbol of the heartache each African-American faced in the 19th century. The heartache they rarely displayed because of the fear of what would happen to them if they began an uprising against the white culture. We Wear the Mask :: essays research papers â€Å"We Wear the Mask†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are times in life where we are forced to do something we do not really want to do. There are certain situations like this that come to my mind. Every so often, my family gets together. As a teenager, I do not want to be confined. I realize some of my relatives are a lot older than me and I should spend as much time with them as I can. When my family gets together, I frequently am forced to go to these events and put a smile on my face. I am acting. I am putting on my â€Å"mask† and pretending that I am happy. This artificial face is the subject of Paul Laurence Dunbar’s poem, â€Å"We Wear the Mask.† Dunbar expresses his feelings on what African-Americans were forced to do a century ago. People thought they were happy doing the work they did for the white culture. In reality, they were not. That is the point Dunbar tries to explain to his readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have never published a poem attacking what my family makes me do and how I put on a joyous face. Dunbar wrote â€Å"We Wear the Mask† in 1903, at the peak of resistance to the Jim Crow laws. Granted, being forced to go to a family reunion is so trivial compared to climbing out of slavery. Fortunately, for African Americans, the turn of the 20th century was when they started to come out from behind the masks. â€Å"We Wear the Mask† was as important to the freedom movement as the TV was for advertising, or the car was for transportation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dunbar uses irony to express what the mask really is. As the poem opens, I for one was confused at what it was about. With no prior of Paul Laurence Dunbar, I had no idea what to expect. The opening lines of the poem read â€Å"We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes.† My first thought was this poem was written by an avid actor. I believed he was explaining the difference between himself on and off stage. It turns out I was totally wrong after reading through the rest of the poem. The mask is a symbol. It is a symbol of the heartache each African-American faced in the 19th century. The heartache they rarely displayed because of the fear of what would happen to them if they began an uprising against the white culture.

45 and 47 Stella Street and Everything that Happened

The children's novel '45 and 47 Stella Street and everything that happened' (Honey, 1995) written by Elizabeth Honey is a novel aimed at pre-adolescent girls. However in saying that boys around the same age would also find this book enjoyable. The story Is told from the perspective of Hinni who Is an 11 year old girl. It Is about her and her ‘Gang, which includes her best friend Zev, Her sister Danielle and Frank, Zev's 6- year-old next-door neighbour who resides at 47 Stella Street.The book tells of their efforts to expose the â€Å"Phonies† and their secret life. It Is evident through analysis of he book that there are sly Implications toward enforcing the concepts of mascullnlty and femininity on young readers using the strategies of narrative theory. Narrative theory consists of three key strategies, the point of vlew/focallsatlon, reader positioning and closure. The point of view or focalisation Is always biased. When watching a film or reading a book you are always watching or reading it from someone or something's perspective.In Stella Street it is Henni who is telling us what is happening, you only see things from her perspective and therefore you tend to ide with her. Reader positioning is very important and very similar to that of point of view and focalisation. Readers or viewers are positioned so that they have a positive response toward some characters and a negative response toward others even though both parties may be both in the wrong on some occasions. The readers of 45 and 47 Stella Street are positioned so that they hope for the Stella Street's gang to succeed over the Phonies.Closure is how the story concludes, who ends up succeeding in the end and who doesn't. Once again in 45 and 47 Stella Street it is the Stella Street gang who triumph over the Phonies. It is evident that the men in 45 and 47 Stella Street hold masculine qualities whilst the women hold feminine traits. In terms of power it is the men that hold this control a s decision making is all about power and throughout the book it is apparent that the men make majority of the decisions.For example it is ZeVs father that makes the Initial decision to move to New Zealand. When Rob and Donna are having trouble with Briquette escaping from the yard it is Rob who decides that they will do nothing† and when the gang are coming up with ideas on how to tackle a problem it seems as though at the end of the deliberation all members of the gang seek Zev's agreement or approval. The male figures also seem to come up with the good Ideas or ask relevant questions more so that the female characters.Throughout the book there are a number of characters that come and go that hold a form of power. For Instance the lawyers, Robert Smeeton, Mr J. D Perry, the Ombudsman Robert Cooper and Detective Sergeant Dave Watson are all very powerful In the positions they hold within society. From this you can see that a female represents none of these highly powerful char acters. I ne 000K Is Tocallsea tnrougn Hennl, sne explalns to readers wnat t I Is sne Ilkes ana what she doesn't like.Everything that she sees happening she interprets and it is all told from her perspective. In one particular part of the novel Henni is explaining how Donna has put up with numerous changes with the building, design and cost of the new fence that is to be erected between 45 and 47 Stella Street. Henni makes the statement that, â€Å"Donna never lost her temper. That's probably how she got the Job he has. She never loses her temper. Rob would have told the Phonies to take a long walk off a short pier. Mum would have gone quiet.She Just buttons up. Dad would have lost his temper, for sure, and called them inconsiderate pea brains. But not Donna. She Just keeps on keeping on. † (Honey, E 1995, pp 38) The way in which the characters mentioned compose themselves is interesting. Traditional gender roles cast men as rational, strong, protective and decisive, whilst o n the other hand women are cast as emotional, irrational, weak, nurturing and submissive. Within the tatement that Henni makes it is evident that parts of the traditional gender roles exist.For example the way in which Henni's mum would have gone quiet illustrates a form of sumbissiveness. In Stella Street there is not a particularly strong sense of patriarchy. However there is some evidence of Patriarchy in some sections of the book for example when they are building the fence between 45 and 47 Stella Street Mr Nic and Zev carry the old posts to Henni's dad who is on the footpath cutting them up with a chainsaw. Danielle and Frank do the running around and fetching of stuff and there is no ention as to what the others are doing.The males are very affirmative and this is shown by Henni's dad and the way in which he says â€Å"right† she knows by the way in which he says it that something is going to happen there's no questioning or buts. The females show their more conservati ve side especially Donna with the way in which she potters around her gardens before she has to go to work. Elizabeth Honey has used strategies of narrative theory throughout her book 45 and 47 Stella Street. Many young readers would not be aware of the ideologies implied hrough this book.

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